Electrolyzers, devices that use electricity to produce hydrogen from water, are becoming more common in the United States. If all planned projects are completed, the country’s capacity for hydrogen production through electrolyzers could jump from the current 116 megawatts (MW) to an impressive 4,524 MW. This data comes from the US Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program Record.

Right now, the US produces about 10 million metric tons (MMmt) of hydrogen each year, mostly from fossil fuels or as a byproduct of other industrial processes. If the new electrolyzer projects are built, they could add about 0.72 MMmt of hydrogen annually.

Electrolyzers can qualify for a production tax credit if their carbon intensity is low and if developers start construction by 2033. Traditionally, hydrogen is separated from hydrocarbons like natural gas and coal using a process called steam methane reforming (SMR). SMRs produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which need to be captured to avoid emissions. In contrast, electrolyzers produce hydrogen and oxygen, with no harmful byproducts, especially if the electricity used comes from renewable sources.

Currently, SMRs account for about 7.6 MMmt of hydrogen production each year in the US.

Two main types of electrolyzers are used today: Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and Alkaline. Both have room for improvement to become more competitive. Despite their differences in cost, start-up times, and materials, all electrolyzers can use electricity from renewable sources.

Electrolyzers represent a promising step towards cleaner hydrogen production, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and moving us closer to a sustainable future.

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